In recent years, the employment of workers from countries outside the European Union has become an increasingly important topic for the Bulgarian labour market. The growing number of third-country nationals working in Bulgaria has sparked economic discussions as well as proposals for legislative amendments aimed at balancing employers’ needs with the protection of the local workforce.
Available data indicate a significant increase in the number of individuals coming to Bulgaria for employment from non-EU countries. In 2025 nearly 46,000 work permits were issued to foreign workers from more than 80 countries. This trend reflects the persistent labour shortages in sectors such as hospitality, construction, agriculture and industry, where local labour supply is often insufficient.
The Ministry of Labour and Social Policy has published for public consultation a draft amendment to the Labour Migration and Labour Mobility Act. Among the proposed changes are adjustments to the quotas for hiring third-country nationals, as well as alignment of Bulgarian legislation with relevant European directives concerning seasonal workers and the conditions for their entry and residence.
The topic has generated diverse public reactions. Some experts and employer organisations support more flexible access to foreign labour due to the real shortage of workforce in key sectors. Others express concerns that increasing quotas may put downward pressure on wages and reduce incentives to activate the domestic labour reserve.
The issue of labour migration requires a balanced and strategic approach. On the one hand, businesses need reliable access to workers in order to maintain competitiveness and ensure operational continuity. On the other hand, it is essential to safeguard labour rights,
ensure equal treatment and promote sustainable development of the Bulgarian labour market.
For employers and recruitment agencies, it is crucial to closely monitor legislative developments and to plan long-term recruitment strategies accordingly. Regardless of the direction of future legal changes, the employment of third-country nationals will remain a key factor in shaping Bulgaria’s economic development in the years ahead.